gto wizard icm. One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menu. gto wizard icm

 
 One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menugto wizard icm  You are just one click away from crushing your competition Study 10,000,000+ presolved solutions Practice by playing vs

GTO. 4%, versus 50. Dynamic Sizing captures 99. Improvements. 1% of hands, with this range: No surprises, SB calls much tighter than BTN shoves, and BB. The gambler’s fallacy is very common among poker players. Calculating ICM in real-time at the tables is impossible. There is extra value in growing the pot when you hold a hand that stands to benefit from future action, whether through value betting or bluffing. Nodelocking is a powerful new feature that allows you to define player’s strategies and craft exploits to crush the competition! You can set strategies by combo, hand category, or action frequency, then compare how the response changes. The one time ChipEV models do not differ much from models with moderate ICM pressure, such as 25% of the field remaining, are when your stack is extremely short. One custom tip to get you better at poker everyday. 分析結果を具体→抽象→応用でまとめていきます。. Crush with GTO Wizard. Go to Top Skip to content. Malmuth and is one of the most important formulas for understanding tournament poker strategy! But it took us almost 35 years to fully utilize the concept…Learn poker with GTO Wizard. Learning from GTO solutions with too many bet sizes has been a significant challenge for. We’ve solved poker so you don’t have to. GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. If you want to get all the money in by the river, then betting geometrically will force the widest theoretical defence. With its array of post-flop sizing options, preflop ranges for free users, and comprehensive ICM solutions, GTO Wizard is an essential addition to any poker player's toolkit. Study 50. Calling a three-bet from out of position is voluntarily entering a disadvantageous situation because the price is right. / 53 sec. SearchThe ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. / 20 sec. 1K views 1 month ago GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. Theory. How To Negotiate Final Table Deals. 6% of the time (but remember, they flop a flush more often). Login to GTO WizardSelect the bet sizes dropdown menu to modify the betting structure. How we solved our solutions. Linus Fights Back Against Berri Sweet. Greetings Wizards, we have a major update for you today! You will now have access to a customizable dashboard and over 50 interface enhancements to provide a top-notch poker training experience. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker tournament? The Simplified solutions are solved to an eye-watering 0. Any All Stars Formats. GTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. 4BB/100, while respecting ACPC’s constraints. It’s priced at $149/month (or $129/month with an annual subscription). Visualizing implied odds through multiway equity retention. In the PKO example, the SB hardly ever shoves, opting to raise 17. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. Rather, our solver employs artificial intelligence to estimate the EV of all possible betting strategies while accounting for the player’s ranges, stacks, board, etc. / 16 sec. 3x, BTN 2. You can use the GTO Wizard to gain an edge over your competition by studying ICM strategies for early and mid-stage MTTs. The remaining half of the bounty is added to their. Everyone starts with 10BBs, 1st place wins $66. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. With the rise of GTO Wizard’s adoption and its establishment as a consumer staple, we are looking… 31/10/2023 8 min. Great Trainer improvements. Browse GTO solutions. 25% EV loss) bet sizing 95% of the time. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. ICM Basics. – GTO Wizard now speaks Polish and Hungarian. Both are range betting the flop btw. With GTO+, you can quickly build decision trees, fill in any play as you see fit, and let the GTO solver figure out optimal play in the rest of the tree. GTO Wizard ©️ 2023. Crush with GTO Wizard. In multiway pots, positional advantage gets amplified as you have even more information, and closing the action becomes more valuable. mkr files) for MonkerSolver and . The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. Optimal ICM sizing is often counterintuitive. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker. GTO Wizard AI uses expected values. In multiway pots, positional advantage gets amplified as you have even more information, and closing the action becomes more valuable. There are a variety of methods used to do this: Using subsets of flops to represent the full set of flops (preflop solvers) Bucketing similar hand classes together (preflop solvers) Limiting the available bet sizes. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. RP = Required Equity (ICM) - Required Equity (cEV) when stacks are fully invested. . In November we have released GTO Wizard, an advanced GTO tool where you can browse the entire game tree for 6 Handed Cash Game poker. See you there! We are thrilled to announce that Hand History Analyzer. GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Each plan has unique features for the game type (for example ICM and PKO solutions for MTTs) but all of them have the following features: GTO Wizard Subscription Plans; Starter (from $39/month) Premium. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Meanwhile, the ICM 25% strategy and beyond sacrifice bubble placement EV in exchange for higher EV in the upper placements. In the world of poker, the flop is a crucial stage of the game that sets the tone for the rest of the hand. This poker training software will help you improve your push/fold skills and make profitable decisions in every early, middle, and late-stage situation. With 4bb, both models exclusively shove or fold. In order to do that, you need to weigh the long-term. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. Crush with GTO Wizard. You can import your own custom SPF solution files and, if you own SPF, use the SPF engine for real time turn and river solving to enhance your training. How ICM Impacts BB Defense in Poker. You cannot win a bounty if you don’t cover your opponent, which means sometimes you have to take big risks to put yourself in that position, as well as occasionally passing up profitable spots to hold onto a. Hero should defend at least ½ of their range to make villain’s bluffs indifferent. New Spin & Go + Ante format available featuring both General and Simple solutions (0. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker tournament? Most players understand how the Independent Chip Model (ICM) in poker impacts their strategy preflop, especially at shallow stack depths near the end of a tournament. Final 3 ICM scenarios MTT 293 Giving up. That means you cannot specify a rake structure, choose ICM. These values can be thought of as GTO Wizard AI’s intuition: an understanding of the value of its hand in any given situation. Login Format. Linus Fights Back Against Berri Sweet. So, you can use ICMIZER to go even one step further thanks to the Future Game Simulation (FGS). Overall, GTO Wizard is a versatile and valuable poker tool that complements DTO well. 1% to 0. Join our Discord and let us know what you would like to see added to GTO Wizard. 5x, SB 3x. Login Format. 045% accuracy in single-raised pots. Learn GTO in a proper way thanks to our in-app tutorials. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Poker simulator for preflop, flop, turn, and river. New solutions filter + Trainer Improvements. So you need to defend 44. GTO. Then choose the Fixed or Dynamic option to specify bet sizes. Browse GTO solutions. To save all of your hand history, check the Save My Hand History box. The following chart, based on data from GTO Wizard’s Flop Reports, shows the BB’s. Take advantage of new and unique features for the ultimate GTO Training experience: Multitable Mode – Play up to four tables at the same time! Difficulty Mode – Group similar actions together to reduce the difficulty of your training experience. What used to take hours of computation on high-end hardware can now be done in seconds from your browser! This fantastic advancement naturally leads us to an exciting inquiry: How. Urgency – Strong but vulnerable holdings have more incentive to build the pot immediately. 13/01/2023. We win more often in the small field simulation. Last time we discussed the ICM considerations in game selection, we looked at field size, which has major implications regarding profitability, variance, and just how tight or loose one should play. This makes using a poker solver much easier. Hardware: 16 cores @ 5GHz, 128GB RAM. GTO Wizard now speaks Croatian. Try it for free at is great at evaluating tournament stacks, but until recen. Optimal ICM sizing is often counterintuitive. SearchGTO Wizard is an advanced GTO trainer that shows you how to play against a perfect opponent. このnoteの位置づけ. Our solutions consist of over 300. . Most players on how tightly or how aggressively they should play. As far as rules of thumb go in poker, “check to the raiser” is a pretty good one. Login to GTO WizardA “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best 5-card hand for the majority of hands in both players’ ranges. This is often called “playing the board”. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. GTO is a very curious concept but it has its limitations. GTO. This number goes down for the BB when they have called an early position open, however. Browse GTO solutions. GTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. Presolved solutions are fast and useful, but this meant users couldn’t change anything about the spot. 5%. ICMとはIndependent Chip Modelの略で、トーナメントのスタックを賞金の期待値に変換する数式です。 In this series, we have looked at factors that can influence ranges in otherwise identical scenarios. When studying with solvers, it is essential. But you can toggle the switches labeled “Apply flop settings to all streets” and “Apply same settings as OOP” to customize sizings separately for each street and player. SB starts with the stronger pre-flop range in a limped pot. GTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. By default, you only need to specify sizes for one decision point. 38 likes · 2 were here. Though ICM incentivizes both players to avoid big confrontations, the BB has more leeway to grow the pot on early streets. An ICM calculation is essentially something that projects finish distributions (solely based on the size of chip stacks) in the tournament and if both Koon and the recreational player had 20bb, an ICM deal would assume they both win the tournament or bust next at the same frequency. Browse GTO solutions. 26/01/2023 21 min. SearchGTO Wizard AI will autonomously estimate the optimal (highest EV) sizings at each decision point! This tool doesn’t merely simplify or reduce sizes using a predetermined solution. The chart below compares the speed and accuracy of GTO Wizard and PioSolver: PioSolver – Required 4862 seconds (1 hour 21 minutes) to reach 0. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. The most efficient way to find your leaks - see all your mistakes with just one click. Not the effective stack size of your opponent in the hand, I’m. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. 5BB and 97. But what about postflop ICM? What do the GTO solvers teach us about playing the flop, turn, and river when at final tables or near the money bubble of a poker tournament? GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. This is considered far beyond human levels of accuracy. The following chart shows the BB’s strategy for responding to both a limp and a raise from the SB at various stages of a tournament. MDF = 1 – alpha = 50%. Go to the User Settings screen and choose the Game settings tab, and the Hand History option. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. If you have paid $1000 in entree fees, and won $2000 total, your return on investment is 200%. A flat payout structure rewards those who make the money more equally. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. In unopened pots, the BB is. In the classic ICM example, the SB is much more aggressive. Following a monotone flop, there is a roughly. GTO Wizard’s range vs range equity distribution graphs are an excellent tool for visualizing which player has the stronger or nuttier range and the distribution of equity across each player’s range. Browse GTO solutions. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. Crush your competition The best way to learn and practice GTO. GTO. They shove 9. – Added “% of the total” to Filtered and Grouped categories in reports. To save all of your hand history, check the Save My Hand History box. An ICM calculation is essentially something that projects finish distributions (solely based on the size of chip stacks) in the tournament and if both Koon and the. So if, for example, the combined ICM value of the table is $1,000 and a hand has an EV of 1 in our sim, the hand would make us 1% of $1,000 on average, or $10 in real money. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. Other terms. Exploitative Dynamics. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Variance is much bigger than the human mind can conceptualize. The caller always has a weaker preflop range than a preflop reraiser in a three-bet pot, for reasons that are similar to. A commonly used acronym for the term independent chip model. The primary difference is in small blind’s Limp First In (LFI) and RFI ranges when. This leads to four key takeaways: The initial bettor gets a better price on a bluff than a raise of the same size. Instead, these tools are best used to understand big-picture concepts such as stack depth, range advantage, nut advantage, bet sizing, and position. Having invested a considerable number of chips in your three-bet and faded several worst-case scenarios, you can expect to enjoy both an equity advantage and a positional advantage post-flop. As you can see, the strategy changes significantly even halfway through an event. There is being covered, then there is being really covered. GTOwizard是一个预解算的GTO翻前翻后结果查询器、练习器本期是对这次更新的练习模式功能的全面介绍指南感谢@东京都空巢老人 倾情献声, 视频播放量 7391、弹幕量 2、点赞数 61、投硬币枚数 22、收藏人数 99、转发人数 58, 视频作者 GTOWizard, 作者简介 世界最前沿的GTO学习研究APP,相关视频:【GTOWizard. One custom tip to get you better at poker everyday. There are also subtle differences in the EV of some hands: A-Ko wins 0. ICM calculations are based on the stacks and payouts of all players remaining in the tournament. These will serve as step two for tomorrow’s review. Final 3 ICM scenarios MTT 293 Giving up. Crush with GTO Wizard. Even when one player covers the other, both are. / 21 sec. Whether a payout structure is standard, flat, or steep is relative,. That means you cannot specify a rake structure, choose ICM scenarios, assign bounties, or solve multiway spots yet. GTO Wizard solves to an accuracy of 0. It is not the sheer size of the stack, as measured in currency or tournament chips or even big blinds, but rather the stack-to-pot ratio that determines this. As rake increases, ranges typically tighten but are played more aggressively. Articles and coachings to take your game to the next level. Skip to content. Solver outputs such as those provided by GTO Wizard are models of no-limit hold ‘em, not a perfect blueprint for what you should actually do in a real poker situation. – New “All info” strategy view in the Solution browser. SearchGTO Wizard previously showed you only GTO outputs, ie, how two perfect players would play against each other. They achieve this by assuming that when there is a best option with a given hand, your opponents will make that play. Last time we discussed the ICM considerations in game selection, we looked at field size, which has major implications regarding profitability, variance, and just how tight or loose one should play. With PioSOLVER, you can learn: the betting frequency on the. When comparing the mathematical consequences of a 50% bet against a 50% raise we see that, unlike pot odds, MDF and Alpha do not scale with pot%. We compared GTO Wizard solutions at different tournament phases to identify how the strategy changes throughout the MTT. Many of you have asked us many questions about them so we. [具体1] SBvsBTN 3bpのFlop. You can modify ranges, adjust the stack and pot size, add or remove actions, customize the. What default preflop ranges does the GTOx Solver use? A. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. / 18 sec. GTO vs Exploitative. That means you cannot specify a rake structure, choose ICM scenarios, assign bounties, or solve multiway spots. Malmuth and is one of the most important formulas for understanding tournament poker strategy! But it took us almost 35 years to fully utilize the concept… Learn poker with GTO Wizard. Browse GTO solutions. The ultimate all-in-one poker GTO study tool. EV losses are displayed in big blinds and as a percentage of the. Learn about our Game Features at 888poker. Advanced players will often tell you that your range affects your strategy. GTO mathematically defines the unexploitable strategy for each decision point in poker. The key difference is that Dynamic Mode lets the user control what bet sizes should be. In particular, this effect is most pronounced at the start of PKOs where Bubble Factor is below 1 (something you don’t see in regular MTTs). Try it for free at solutions • Practice GTO • Analyze hand history And ma. Any Cash Spin & Go MTT Theory HU SNG Theme. What you will have is the position al advantage. SB has more incentive to limp big. Get started for free. 2%-0. learned from its neural networks to eliminate the need for the computation of future streets. It stands on its own, but understanding how to play these scenarios from both sides will enhance your overall understanding of the underlying concepts. Let’s take a more in-depth look at the new solutions and improvements. Browse GTO solutions. You get more equity late registering in larger fields. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. 今回のnoteでは、ICM及びリスクプレミアムがPreflop戦略に与える影響についてGTO Wizardを使って考察していきたいと思います。. ポーカーの座学としてGTO Wizardを使ってFlopの集合分析をしたときの雑記です。. GTO. The central strategic implication of stack depth is the question of how much equity a player must expect to have to wager their entire stack profitably. In particular, the presence of a micro-stack or a mega-stack in the tournament, when ICM is significant and the field is getting smaller, can dramatically impact your strategy. What is ICM in poker? A commonly used acronym for the term independent chip model. The user interface is friendly and super fast to use compared. The Independent Chip Model (ICM) was invented in 1987 by M. This demonstrates the power of the fundamental ICM tradeoff – in MTTs survival is king. 31% in Wiz, and yet 0. Most of what you learn about poker strategy – big concepts like hand reading, value betting, and hand classes – will apply in both formats. Positional advantage stems from the information gained from your opponents acting first, as well as the ability to close the action on each street. 5% strategies gain EV everywhere except for the 2nd and 1st placement. Conversely, they need you to fold at least 55. Bug fixes. There is a probability of loss of 40% after 1,000 tournaments in the large field simulation and the required bankroll is $23,069. Malmuth and is one of the most important formulas for understanding tournament poker strategy! But it took us almost 35 years to fully utilize the concept… GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. Ability to upload the whole folder at once. Crush with GTO Wizard. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. 42. It began life as the Mason-Harville Formula in 1987. Login to GTO WizardGo to the User Settings screen and choose the Game settings tab, and the Hand History option. Login to GTO WizardIn my last two articles, I wrote about the effect field size and payout structure have on ICM. Rather, our solver employs artificial intelligence to estimate the EV of all possible betting strategies while accounting for the player’s ranges, stacks, board, etc. If you understand the theory of poker, there is not a lot you need to do differently to adapt from one format to the other, except for understanding ICM, which is a. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. Check them out now! ICM Basics As a tournament player, you may have heard about the concept of “ICM”, but what does this actually mean? The Independent Chip Model (ICM) is a mathematical formula that converts your tournament stack into a monetary value. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. In this example, the average stack is 40bb, and. . This will open a menu that allows you to enter all the information needed to build a heads up tree. The payout structure remains the same (you can see the payouts while selecting ICM solutions in the Study mode). Tight Tilt Top kicker Top pair Top two Toy Game Trap Trips Turbo. Browse GTO solutions. The model would estimate how likely each remaining player was to finish in every position based on. Dynamic Sizing outperforms any fixed sizing strategy. Risk premium is defined as the extra equity you'd need to call someone's shove, compared to a (chip EV) pot odds calculation. Our team of professional poker players and developers work tirelessly to create innovative solutions that will help you improve your game and increase your winnings. Set the stack and pot: 5. 17bb ante per player). GTO; Analyze your hand histories with 1-click; Works on Desktop/Mobile/Tablet; 27th October 2022Wizards, today we are releasing thousands of new solutions & more! ICM MTT (3way-8way); Final Table, 368 new. Practice in Slow Motion. Browse GTO solutions. Thus, the GTO approach is to play in a way that minimizes the amount and profitability of good options available to. SearchBrowse GTO solutions. Tournament poker is not as different from cash game poker as people sometimes assume. The new ICM MTT solutions cover final table(s) preflop strategies with 3 to 8 players remaining. Crush with GTO Wizard. 2% of the time. If you call $5, you need to recoup $5 in the long run. You should expect to have a weaker range postflop and to lose more pots than you win. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. It was released in 2015 and got a significant update in 2021. As a result, you will get to play aggressively and over-realize your equity on most flops. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. 2% to 0. Beyond this threshold, strategies are extremely mixed and tend to be unreliable. New Breakdown view (Solution browser) We are introducing a new view for the Solution browser called “Breakdown. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. We define the accuracy of a solution with a metric called “ Nash Distance ” or dEV. Consequently, it is especially important to learn how to navigate blind versus blind confrontations under ICM pressure. You win the tournament less often but win more money overall when you late register. In an ICM scenario, losses hurt more than wins, so the BF is greater than 1. [ICM] ICMIZER 3 - Professional Preflop Poker Calculator, Advanced Push/Fold Quiz Trainer 11-14-2023 06:23 PM by Q. . Visualizing ICM | GTO Wizard Video. stack sizes and facing opponents in early, middle, and late positions. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. You might give each flop its own row in a spreadsheet – you won’t necessarily need the spreadsheet for. 1% to 0. Dynamic Sizing finds a near-optimal (less than 0. GTO Wizard. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. . 2023年2月24日 22:59. Part 5: post flop and ICM (you are here) This post has affiliate links. When reviewing a hand history or playing against the GTO Wizard trainer, you can strip away all the time. Thus, the GTO approach is to play in a way that minimizes the amount and profitability of good options available to. Share this video. Learn poker theory and start crushing now! Skip to content. Mobile UI improvements. General formula: X% Pot Sized Raise = X% (2×Bet + Pot) + Bet. 具体的には、200人参加の9maxトーナメント、Avg. 5% instead of 68. This poker training software’s intuitive interface allows you to build decision trees and let solvers guide you. Yet GTO Wizard advises a higher checking frequency–82. GTO Wizard is the ultimate all-in-one GTO tool. Crush with GTO Wizard. Required equity to call = (15-5) / (10 + 15 + 15) = 10/40 = 25%. For example, if we hold A♠K♦ on T♠6♠3♠, we now make it impossible for our opponents to hold the nut flush– We “block” the nut flush. Understanding Blockers. GTO Wizard Archive Posts. 000. GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. ICMとはIndependent Chip Modelの略で、トーナメントのスタックを賞金の期待値に変換する数式です。In this series, we have looked at factors that can influence ranges in otherwise identical scenarios. ICM incentivizes more conservative play, which means that at stages of the tournament where risk premiums are highest, action is more likely to fold around to the blinds. But you can toggle the switches labeled “Apply flop settings to all streets” and “Apply same settings as OOP” to customize sizings separately for each street and player. PioSOLVER is one of the most popular GTO poker solvers on the market. Theory, Coaching, Analysis. Stack-to-pot ratio. 42. 0. Leverage is related to the concept of equity realization. GTO solutions are designed to be unexploitable, performing reasonably well no matter how your opponents play. One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menu. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. We believe that GTO Wizard is uniquely positioned as an impartial third party to use its leading-edge technology to vouch for poker network’s trustworthiness. Crush your competition The best way to learn and practice GTO. Reviewing one day later allows Wizard to analyze everything and gives you time to cool down and look at things more objectively. The meaning of GTO in poker is Game Theory Optimal. Short-Stacked Play in MTTs How ICM Impacts Restealing From The Blinds. 219. 2%-0. I raised A9ss (two spades) in MP with ~50bb (avg was ~40bb), and a player. They achieve this by assuming that when there is a best option with a given hand, your opponents will make that play. The payout structure remains the same (you can see the payouts while selecting ICM solutions in the Study mode). Login Format. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. MTT ICM calculator. Game theory is a study of mathematical models of strategic interaction conceived by mathematician John Nash. Train like a Pro. Check out our new ICM MTT spots, HU MTT, deepstack cash, and 9max cash solutions. Each plan has unique features for the game type (for example, ICM and PKO solutions for MTTs), but all of them have the following features: GTO Wizard Subscription Plans; Starter (from $39/month) Premium (from $69/month) Elite (from $109/month)Crush with GTO Wizard ©2023 GTO Wizard. For example BTN 3Bet vs UTG - the UTG 4Bet % is slightly lower in. Crush with GTO Wizard. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. / 29 sec. 3% pot. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. 1. Fortunately, most of the same heuristics apply. GTO Wizard – 6 seconds to reach 0. Most of the bluffs consist of straight draws and weak board pairs. They’ll tell you that you’re playing range-vs-range, and that you need to think about your overall range rather than only looking at your hand. -----. The ChipEV model shoves 30. By default, you only need to specify sizes for one decision point. There is a probability of loss of 40% after 1,000 tournaments in the large field simulation and the required bankroll is.